13-1 What are tissues?

Objective: Discribe the four main kinds of tissues
Key Terms
Tissue: group of cells that look alike and work together
Epithelial: tissue that covers and protects parts of the body
Connective tissue: tissue that holds parts of the body together
Ligament: type of tissue that connects bones
Tendon: type of tissue that connects muscle to bone

In organisms with more than one cell, a group of cells that works toghther is called a tissue. The four main types of tissues are:

Muscle Tissue
Made up of cells that can shrink to make us move or a certain type that moves our bones.

Covering Tissue

Also called Epithelial tissue, covers our bodies and protects us from bacteria.

Connective Tissue
Supports our body and holds us toghther. Some examples are bones and blood cells, which are a liquid connective tissue.

Nerve Tissue
Made up of neurons and carry messages throughout our body and control breathing, digestion, and heartbeat.



By: Steven and Anthony

13-2: What are organs and organ systems?

Objective:
Describe organs and organ systems.

Organ:
Group of tissues that work together to do a special job
Organ System:
Group of organs that work together
Gland:
Organ or group of cells that produces and secretes substances used by the body
Endocrine System:
Organ system that includes all of the glands of the body

Main Ideas:

• Different organ systems control different parts of the body.
• Some types of organs are bones, muscles, lungs and heart.
  
  
  

System:

Major Structures:

Function:

• || Skeletal || Bones || Provides structure; supports and protects internal organs ||
• || Muscular || Muscles (Skeletal, cardiac, smooth) || Provides structure; supports and moves trunk and limbs ||
• || Circulatory || Heart, blood vessels, blood || Transports nutrients and wastes to and from all body tissues ||
• || Respiratory || Air passages, lungs || Carries air into and out of lungs, where gases (oxygen, CO2) are exchanged ||
• || Immune || Lymph nodes and vessels, white blood cells || Provides protection against infection and disease ||
• || Digestive || Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small and large intestines || Stores and digests food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates wastes ||
• || Excretory || Kidneys, ureters, bladder, uretha, skin, lungs || Eliminates waste; maintains water and chemical balance ||
• || Nervous || Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs, receptors || Controls and coordinates body movements and senses; controls consciousness and creativity; helps monitor and maintain other body systems ||
• || Endocrine || Glands (such as adrenal, thyroid, and pancreas) || Maintains homeostasis; regulates metabolism, water and mineral balances, growth, sexual development, and reproduction ||
• || Reproductive || Ovaries, uterus, mammary glands (in females), testes (in males) || Produces offspring ||
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• By: Aubrey and Dawson
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• 13-3 : What is the Skeletal System?

Objective: Describe the functions of the skeletal system and its parts.

Key Terms ~

Skeletal System: system of bones and cartilage that helps to support and protect the body

Vertebra (Vertebrae): bone that makes up the backbone

Cartilage: tough, flexible, connective tissue

Main Ideas ~

1. Our skeletal system is like the framework of a house. It supports and protects our body.It is made out of cartilage and bone.
2. Bone is hard tissue. Cartilage is tough but flexible connective tissue.
3. There are a couple different kinds of skeletons. There are exoskeletons and endoskeletons. Exoskeletons are like skeletons outside of your bodies. Endoskeletons are skeletons inside of your bodies. Humans have endoskeletons.
4. The main job of the skeletal system is to support the body. It also protects and gives the body shape. Besides that it has other jobs. It works together with muscles to move the body. It also stores minerals. Blood is even made in some bones!
5. Last but not least there is bone formation. Cartilage is replaced by living bone tissue. There are a couple of cells that help in this process. One makes up most of the bone. Another breaks down the bone during the remodeling and growth of the bones. It does seem a little weird but it makes sense because the shape and size of bones change over time.

Lesson 13-4 What are bones?

OBJECTIVE: Describe the parts of a bone.
Periosteum: thin membrane that covers a bone
Compact bone: mostly solid, dense part of a bone
spongy bone: part of a bone with many small pores or spaces
marrow: soft tissue inside bones that produces blood cells
fracture: crack or break in a bone


Main idea-

Adults have 206 bones in their body. long bones are yellow. injuries to bones are quite common. close fractures do not break skin.

by Logan and Zoe






Lesson 13-5
How Do Joints Work?
Key terms: Joint: place where two or more bones meet.

Summary: The place where two bones or more meet is called a joint. Some bones are connected directly to other bones at the joint. However, most bones are held together by ligaments.

There are four main kinds of joints in the body. Joints can move in any direction.
The four major joints are… Ball and socket joints, gliding joints, hinge joints, and the pivotal joints.
Cartilage is found in the joints of many bones.

Movable joints such as knee, shoulder, and hip all have cartilage between the bones. This layer of cartilage cushions the bones and prevents it from rubbing against another bone. Cartilage is smoother than bone so it causes less friction when rubbed together. This allows for easier movement of the bones. Cartilage is also found between the bones of the spinal column. The cartilage there acts as shock-absorbing padding for the vertebrae.





By Wil and Clintin

Lesson 13-6

What is the muscular system?

Objective: Describe how muscles work.

Key Terms:

Flexor: muscle that bends a joint
Extensor: muscle that strengthens a joint.

Main Ideas

• 600 muscles make up the muscle system.
• Without muscles, bones can't move the body.
• Muscles only move bones when the muscle contracts. They don't push bones.
• There are muscles that bend or flex your knee joint. These are called flexors.
• There's other muscles that straighten or extend your knee joint. These are called extensors.
• Most muscles work in teams of two.
• The muscles in your arm are examples of the teamwork.
• Exercise is important to keep your muscles strong and healthy.

By: Samuel and Jacob

13-7

What are the kinds of muscles?

Key Terms

Striated muscle: muscle tissue with stripes, or dark bands

Skeletal muscle: muscle attached to the skeleton that makes movement possible

Smooth muscle: muscle that cause movements which you cannot control

Cardiac muscle: type of muscle found only in the heart and major blood vessels

Objectives

Name three kinds of muscle and identify where they are located in the body

Summary

There are 3 different kinds of muscles in the body. They are called Straited muscles, Skeletal muscle, Smooth muscle, and Cardiac muscle. Each kind of muscle tissue has a different job. For example the smooth muscle has movement you can't control. For this reason smooth muscle is sometimes called involuntary muscle for example after you eat you cannot stop the muscles lining your stomach from moving to help digest the food. The cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and major blood vessels.







By: Anna, Lucas